The Truth about Pain and Plastibell Circumcision: A Clinical Perspective
Plastibell circumcision is one of the most trusted and commonly performed methods for the circumcision infants and young boys. As a GP with advanced expertise in circumcision and tongue-tie procedures, I am committed to delivering professional care that prioritizes safety, comfort, and the well-being of every child.
Is Plastibell Circumcision Painful?
While the idea of circumcision pain can be anxiety-provoking for parents, modern techniques prioritize your child’s comfort at every step and studies show that topical and local anaesthetic provide adequate pain relief.
In my procedures, topical anaesthesia is applied before a local anaesthesia to numb the area, making the Plastibell procedure well tolerated by most children.
In my experience, most babies and children experience only brief, mild discomfort, if any, as the local is administered and little to non throughout the procedure. I have had some infants so relaxed that they sleep through the entire process, while older boys are most often completely at ease -happily occupied with some screen time throughout.
Majority of children need little or no pain relief after the procedure displaying minimal discomfort and quickly returning to their normal selves. However, like most things, pain perception varies, and some children may fuss briefly or require simple analgesics.
What to Expect: Pain Management and Recovery
Before the procedure: The area is numbed with topical and injectable anaesthesia for comfort.
During the procedure: Careful, expert technique keeps pain minimal.
Afterward: Paracetamol may be used for mild discomfort, but ongoing pain is rare. Most families note a speedy recovery, with children settling the same day.
Complications and serious pain concerns are rare (less than 1%), especially in experienced hands.
Every Child’s Experience Is Unique
Children’s pain responses vary based on age, temperament, and previous experiences. Approaching the process with clear information and reassurance can help families feel prepared. With skilled care and effective anaesthetic protocols, Plastibell circumcision is designed to minimize your child’s discomfort and ensure a smooth recovery. Most families report a positive experience and rapid return to normal routines.
References
Akhavizadegan H, Ghorbani A. Investigating Normal and Abnormal Features of Plastibell Ring Circumcision: Case Report and Review of Evidence. J Urol Surg. 2025;12(2):63-67 20-2024.2024-8-2.pdf
Brady-Fryer B, et al. Cochrane Review (2004): Demonstrates local anesthesia is effective in minimizing circumcision pain.
Fein, J. A., Zempsky, W. T., Cravero, J. P., & Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine. (2020). Relief of pain and anxiety in pediatric patients in emergency medical systems: Clinical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics, 146(3), PEDS20122536 1391..1405
Rossi, S., Buonocore, G., & Bellieni, C. V. (2020). Management of pain in newborn circumcision: A systematic review. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2020 Aug 3;180(1):13–20. Management of pain in newborn circumcision: a systematic review - PMC
Book a Consultation with Dr Carly Hupfeld
Whether you're looking for a Gold Coast circumcision clinic, ready to book or just want to learn more about the circumcision procedure or the potential health benefits of circumcisions, we’re here to offer personalised advice and help you make the best decision for your family.
Dr Carly Hupfeld is committed to providing the highest standard of care and up-to-date information for families and specialises in circumcision and oral ties at:
Medical On Robina
T3/299 Scottsdale Dr, Robina QLD 4226
pH: (07) 5690 1290
Why parents generally aren’t in the room during circumcision and oral tie procedures: A GP’s perspective
As a GP with a special interest in circumcision and oral tie (tongue and lip tie) procedures, one of the most common questions I receive from parents is: “Can I be in the room with my child during the procedure?” I understand that this request comes from a place of love and concern. However, there are important clinical reasons why we ask parents to remain outside during these minor surgical procedures. This approach is designed to ensure the safest and most effective outcome for your child.
Minimising Distractions for Optimal Care
The primary reason we ask parents to wait outside is to minimise distractions for the doctor and the clinical team. Performing circumcisions or oral tie releases requires intense focus, precision, and a calm environment. Even the most well-intentioned parent can inadvertently create distractions - whether through movement, conversation, or emotional reactions - which can affect the concentration of the clinician and the efficiency of the procedure.
“Having a parent present is a distraction for the doctor, and we minimise distractions to focus totally on ‘doing a good job’.”
Supporting Your Child Before and After
Parents play a critical role before and after the procedure. For circumcision, you may be involved in applying anaesthetic cream prior to the procedure, and your presence and comfort are essential immediately afterwards for feeding and settling your baby. For oral tie procedures, immediate post-operative feeding is encouraged to help with healing and comfort. Your soothing presence is invaluable once the procedure is complete so having you ready is very important.
Reducing Stress for Your Child, yourself and the medical team
Children, especially infants, are highly sensitive to their parents’ emotions. If a parent is anxious or distressed, the child may sense this and become more unsettled. By having parents wait outside, we can often complete the procedure more quickly and with less emotional stress for the child.
Being in the procedure room with your child can be very stressful for parents because witnessing your child’s discomfort, feeling powerless, and managing your own anxiety in an unfamiliar medical environment can be emotionally overwhelming. Many parents also feel pressure to stay calm and supportive, which can add to the stress and uncertainty of the situation.
Having parents in the procedure room can be stressful for medical staff because it increases the risk of distraction, slows down procedures, and adds pressure to perform under close observation. Staff may also need to manage parental emotions and unpredictable reactions, making the situation more complex and potentially disrupting standard workflow.
So your child doesn’t associate you with the procedure
To help ensure your child doesn’t associate you with the procedure, it’s important to be aware that, especially with very young children, some temporary negative associations can occur if your child feels frightened while you are present but unable to actively comfort them. While remaining calm is usually reassuring and beneficial for your child, we also want to minimize any chance of your child feeling upset with you afterward. Being sensitive to their emotions, providing gentle comfort, and reassuring them after the procedure can help strengthen your positive connection.
Ensuring a Safe and Controlled Environment
Medical procedures require a controlled environment to reduce the risk of complications and to ensure that all infection control and safety protocols are followed. Limiting the number of people in the room helps maintain this environment and allows the clinical team to work efficiently and safely.
Space Constraints
Procedure rooms are often quite small and need to be kept clear for medical staff and equipment, to move safely and efficiently
Institutional Policy
Some clinics have policies that restrict parental presence for certain procedures.
Medical Reasons
If a parent is unwell, pregnant or if the child’s medical condition is complex, parental presence may not be allowed for safety reasons
“Ultimately the main goal is to provide the safest and most effective care for the child”
Common Questions
Can I see my child immediately afterwards?
Absolutely. Parents are reunited with their child straight after the procedure to provide comfort, feed, and settle them.
What about consent?
Both parents (if available/applicable) should provide informed consent before any non-life saving procedure like circumcision. This ensures everyone understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives before proceeding.
The Takeaway
While it’s natural to want to be by your child’s side, our policy of having parents wait outside during circumcision and oral tie procedures is based on best clinical practice. It allows us to focus fully on your child’s safety and comfort and ensures the best possible outcome.
If you have further questions about the process or your role as a parent, please don’t hesitate to ask during your consultation. Your child’s safety and comfort are always our top priorities.
Book a Consultation with Dr Carly Hupfeld
Whether you are interested in circumcision or concerned about a possible tongue tie or lip tie, Dr Carly is here to discuss with and support you in making the best choices for your family.
Dr. Carly Hupfeld specialises in circumcision and the assessment and management of oral ties at:
Medical On Robina
T3/299 Scottsdale Dr, Robina QLD 4226
(07) 5690 1290
Reference List
Kain, Z. N., Mayes, L. C., Wang, S. M., Caramico, L. A., & Hofstadter, M. B. (1998). Parental Presence during Induction of Anesthesia versus Sedative Premedication: Which Intervention Is More Effective? Anesthesiology, 89(5), 1147–1156. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199811000-00009
Tume, L. N., & Carter, B. (2012). Parental presence during invasive procedures in children: A European survey. Anaesthesia, 67(10), 1157–1162.
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine (2014). Family Presence During Pediatric Procedures. Pediatrics, 133(5), e1459–e1467. Family presence during paediatric resuscitation and invasive procedures: the parental experience: An integrative review: An integrative review - PubMed
McGraw, T., & Kendrick, A. (1998). Booked admissions for day care surgery: Parental presence during induction of anaesthesia. Paediatric Anaesthesia, 8, 405–408. Effect of parental presence on anxiety during induction of anaesthesia in children undergoing elective day case surgery | Annals of Pediatric Surgery | Full Text
Heidarzadeh, M., Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, F., Mehran, A., et al. (2016). The effect of parental presence during invasive procedures on anxiety and cooperation in children: a systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 31(4), 370–377.
Common Causes of Breastfeeding Issues: Insights from a Tongue Tie Doctor
As a doctor with a special interest in tongue tie releases and circumcisions, I frequently encounter families struggling with breastfeeding. Understanding the underlying causes of breastfeeding difficulties is essential for effective support and intervention.
Here are the most common reasons breastfeeding can become challenging, and how timely recognition can make a difference for both mother and baby.
Figure 8.1: Common causes of Breastfeeding Issues
Incorrect Attachment or Latch
The most frequent cause of breastfeeding problems is poor positioning or latch. When a baby is not attached well to the breast, it often leads to nipple pain, ineffective milk transfer, and even nipple trauma. This can quickly spiral into low milk supply and unenjoyable feeding times if not addressed.
Mastitis and Blocked Ducts
Mastitis is inflammation of the breast, typically resulting from blocked milk ducts. Causes include missed feeds, poor drainage, tight clothing, or trauma. Symptoms range from breast pain and redness to swelling and flu-like symptoms.
Nipple and Breast Infections
Infections such as thrush (a fungal infection) or bacterial infections can cause pain, redness, and discomfort. If left untreated, these infections may lead to early weaning.
Nipple Vasospasm
Nipple vasospasm occurs when the blood vessels in the nipple constrict, often triggered by cold or a history of Raynaud’s phenomenon. This leads to intense pain, burning, or throbbing, sometimes so severe that mothers consider stopping breastfeeding. Keeping nipples warm and ensuring a good latch can help reduce symptoms.
Tongue Tie (Ankyloglossia) and Upper Lip Ties
A Tongue tie, (a short or tight frenulum under the tongue) or a lip tie, (a short or tight frenulum under the lip), can restrict the baby's tongue or lip movements, making it difficult to latch and feed effectively. This can result in nipple pain, poor milk transfer, and frustration for both mother and baby. While tongue tie and lip tie is a recognized cause of breastfeeding issues, it is important to have a thorough assessment, as not all feeding problems are due to tongue tie.
Engorgement or fast Flow
When breasts become overfull, they can be painful and/or make latching difficult. This sometimes leads to blocked ducts or mastitis if not managed promptly.
Low Milk Supply
Low supply may result from infrequent feeding, poor latch, or underlying maternal health issues. Early intervention is key to restoring supply.
Insufficient Glandular Tissue (IGT) or mammary hypoplasia
Insufficient Glandular Tissue (IGT), also known as mammary hypoplasia, refers to a condition where the breast does not develop enough milk-producing (glandular) tissue. This can occur during several developmental stages, including in utero, puberty, or pregnancy and can result in the inability to produce an adequate milk volume, regardless of correct breastfeeding management and frequent feeding.
Even with perfect technique and enough breastfeeding sessions, parents with IGT may not make enough milk to fully nourish their baby
Nipple Shape or Trauma
Flat, inverted nipples, or damaged nipples, can make breastfeeding more challenging. They can make it harder for babies to latch and breastfeed effectively, which may lead to issues like poor milk transfer, nipple pain, and low milk supply. With extra support and proper techniques, many breastfeeding challenges related to nipple shape or damage can often be overcome.
Other Contributing Factors
Exhaustion, emotional stress, and maternal health problems can also impact breastfeeding success. Fatigue and stress may disrupt the hormonal processes needed for milk production and let-down, while health issues like thyroid disease or postpartum depression can further hinder lactation and make feeding more challenging. Comprehensive support, proper rest, treatment of health conditions, and access to lactation professionals are crucial in helping mothers overcome these obstacles and establish successful breastfeeding.
Birth Trauma
Birth trauma can cause breastfeeding issues by making it physically painful for mothers to nurse, interfering with a baby’s ability to latch and feed, and causing separation that disrupts bonding and milk supply. Emotional stress or psychological trauma from a difficult birth can further hinder milk production and make breastfeeding emotionally challenging, leading to early cessation or ongoing difficulties.
Early recognition of these issues and seeking support from healthcare professionals - such as lactation consultants, osteopaths, chiropractors, speech pathologists or tongue tie specialists - can make a significant difference in breastfeeding outcomes. If you are experiencing persistent pain, difficulty with latch, or concerns about your baby’s feeding, don’t hesitate to reach out for professional guidance.
For further support, consult a lactation consultant or a healthcare professional experienced in breastfeeding challenges and tongue tie management.
Book a Consultation with Dr Carly Hupfeld
Whether your child has a tongue tie or lip tie, or you’re seeking an assessment, we’re here to support you in making the best choice for your family.
Dr. Carly Hupfeld specialises in circumcision and the assessment and management of oral ties at:
Medical On Robina
T3/299 Scottsdale Dr, Robina QLD 4226
(07) 5690 1290
Reference List
Pregnancy, Birth and Baby. Nipple vasospasm and breastfeeding. Australian Government. Found at Nipple vasospasm and breastfeeding - symptoms, causes, management | Pregnancy Birth and Baby
The Royal Women’s Hospital. Nipple vasospasm. Accessed July 15, 2025. Found at: Nipple vasospasm | The Royal Women's Hospital
Better Health Channel. Mastitis and other nipple and breast problems. Victorian State Government. Accessed July 15, 2025. Found at: Breastfeeding – mastitis and other nipple and breast problems | Better Health Channel
La Leche League International. Tongue and lip ties. Found at: Tongue and Lip Ties - La Leche League International
Cleveland Clinic. Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia): symptoms, causes & treatment. Found at: Tongue-Tie (Ankyloglossia) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Arbour MW, Kessler JL. Mammary hypoplasia: not every breast can produce sufficient milk. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2013;58(4):457-461. Found at: Mammary hypoplasia: not every breast can produce sufficient milk - PubMed
5 Reasons male circumcision is not genital mutilation.
As a GP specializing in circumcisions, it’s important to address the misconception that male circumcision is equivalent to genital mutilation.
Here are five key reasons, supported by medical evidence and ethical analysis, why male circumcision is not the same as genital mutilation:
1. Proven Medical Benefits
Male circumcision significantly reduces the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, including genital herpes and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV).
Male circumcision lowers the risk of urinary tract infections, penile infections (Balantitis), foreskin infections (posthitis), or Balanoposthitis – infection or inflammation of both the glans and foreskin.
Male circumcision also decreases the risk penile cancer, prostate cancer and cervical cancer for the female partners.
Male circumcision can prevent conditions such as phimosis (a tightening of the foreskin) and Balantitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO) (an inflammatory skin condition) and can actually be the treatment for these conditions.
These health benefits distinguish circumcision as a preventive medical procedure, not an act of mutilation.
2. Low Risk When Performed Medically
When conducted by a trained medical professional, circumcision is a safe procedure with a low complication rate.
The complications arising from a medically performed circumcision are generally minor.
The risks associated with non-medical or ritual procedures have a higher risk of complications and more likely to be sever in nature.
The low risk profile of circumcision supports its classification as a medical procedure rather than an act of mutilation.
3. Ethical and Legal Justification
Major medical and ethical reviews conclude that, when performed for medical, cultural, or religious reasons, male circumcision is not a violation of human rights or bodily integrity.
Genital mutilation is widely recognized as a practice rooted in control, discrimination, and the violation of fundamental human rights.
Ethically, circumcision is justified by the principle of beneficence: the benefits outweigh the harms.
4. Distinct from Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)
Unlike FGM, which removes functional tissue and has no health benefits, male circumcision removes the foreskin (non-essential tissue) and provides clear, evidence-based health advantages.
Leading health organizations and legal frameworks recognize this distinction, and equating the two is misleading and unsupported by medical evidence.
5. Parental Choice and Cultural Context
Parents have the legal and ethical right to make informed decisions about their child’s healthcare, including circumcision, especially when considering cultural or religious values.
The procedure is deeply rooted in many cultures and religions, and banning it could lead to unsafe practices outside the medical system.
“Infant male circumcision fulfills the principle of beneficence based on the established benefits of circumcision. The harms associated with infant male circumcisions compared with the significant benefits associated with it make infant male circumcision meet the non-maleficence principle.”
If you are looking for a male circumcision clinic or want to discuss the procedure or the potential health benefits of circumcision, please contact our clinic for personalized advice. We are committed to providing the highest standard of care and up-to-date information for families considering circumcision.
Reference List
Alkhenizan, A., & Elabd, K. (2016). Non-therapeutic infant male circumcision: Evidence, ethics, and international law. Found at Non-therapeutic infant male circumcision. Evidence, ethics, and international law perspectives - PubMed
Benatar, M., & Benatar, D. (2003). Between Prophylaxis and Child Abuse: The Ethics of Neonatal Male Circumcision. The American Journal of Bioethics, 3(2), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1162/152651603766436216
Benatar, D., & Benatar, M. (2003). 3:2 Target Article authors respond to Commentators: How Not to Argue About Circumcision. The American Journal of Bioethics, 3(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1162/152651603102387820
Friedman, B., et al. (2016). Pros and cons of circumcision: an evidence-based overview. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 46, 60–65. Found at Pros and cons of circumcision: an evidence-based overview - PubMed
Healthy Male Australia. Circumcision: Benefits, risks & procedure. Found at Circumcision: Benefits, risks & procedure | Healthy Male
Healthdirect Australia. Circumcision. Found at Circumcision | healthdirect
Moses, S., Bailey, R. C., & Ronald, A. R. (1998). Male circumcision: assessment of health benefits and risks. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 74(5), 368–373. Found at Male circumcision: assessment of health benefits and risks - PubMed
Pintye, J., et al. (2019). Benefits of male circumcision for MSM: evidence for action. The Lancet Global Health, 7(4), e392–e393. Found it Benefits of male circumcision for MSM: evidence for action - The Lancet Global Health
Stuart Rennie, Adamson S Muula, Daniel Westreich (2006) Male circumcision and HIV prevention: ethical, medical and public health tradeoffs in low-income countries. BMJ Jounal of Medical Ethics. 33 (6) . Found at 357.full.pdf
Tobian, A. A. R., et al. (2011). The Medical Benefits of Male Circumcision. PLoS Medicine, 8(7), e1000413. Found at The Medical Benefits of Male Circumcision
World Health Organization (2007). Male circumcision: global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability. Found at unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/jc1360_male_circumcision_en_0.pdf
Does child circumcision decrease sensitivity or future sexual pleasure?
As a GP specializing in child circumcision and paediatric procedures, I frequently receive questions from parents about the long-term effects of circumcision on sensitivity and sexual pleasure. If you are searching for “infant circumcision near me,” “child circumcision clinic,” or “benefits and risks of circumcision for boys,” this article is designed to provide clear, evidence-based answers.
What Is Child Circumcision?
Child circumcision is a minor surgical procedure that removes the foreskin covering the head (glans) of the penis. Evidence says it is best performed in the first 12 months of life, (as recovery is more seamless), but can be done at any stage of life. Many parents seek infant circumcision for cultural, religious, or medical reasons, and want to understand the potential impact on their child’s future health and well-being.
Does Circumcision Affect Sensitivity?
Research on sensitivity after circumcision is mixed:
Some studies suggest that men circumcised as adults report slightly reduced penile sensitivity and changes in orgasm intensity. However, these findings may not directly apply to boys circumcised as infants, as the developing nervous system adapts over time.
Other research, including studies on men circumcised as infants, shows no significant difference in penile sensitivity or sexual satisfaction compared to those who are not circumcised. The foreskin is sensitive to light touch, but sexual pleasure involves multiple types of sensation and psychological factors.
Does Circumcision Affect Sexual Pleasure in Adulthood?
For parents searching “does circumcision affect sexual pleasure later in life?” or “circumcision long-term outcomes,” the evidence suggests:
No universal answer: Some men report decreased sensitivity, while others notice no change or even improvement, especially if circumcision resolves medical issues like phimosis or recurrent infections.
Most men are satisfied: Studies show that the majority of men circumcised as infants or children report normal sexual function and satisfaction as adults.
Key Points for Parents Considering Child Circumcision
Child circumcision is a safe and common procedure when performed by an experienced doctor in a dedicated clinic.
Long-term effects on sensitivity and sexual function are generally minimal, especially for boys circumcised as infants.
Individual experiences vary: Factors such as age at circumcision, reason for the procedure, and individual anatomy can influence outcomes.
If you are looking for a child circumcision clinic or want to discuss the benefits and risks of circumcision for boys, please contact our clinic for personalized advice. We are committed to providing the highest standard of care and up-to-date information for families considering circumcision.
References
Morris BJ, Krieger JN. Does male circumcision affect sexual function, sensitivity, or satisfaction? International Society for Sexual Medicine, 2013. Found at: Does male circumcision affect sexual function, sensitivity, or satisfaction?--a systematic review - PubMed
Fink KS, Carson CC, DeVellis RF. Adult Circumcision Outcomes Study: Effect on Erectile Function, Penile Sensitivity, Sexual Activity and Satisfaction. Journal of Urology, 2002. Found at: Adult circumcision outcomes study: effect on erectile function, penile sensitivity, sexual activity and satisfaction - PubMed
Bossio JA, Pukall CF, Steele SS. Circumcision does not reduce penile sensitivity, research finds. Queen’s University Gazette, 2016. Found at: Circumcision does not reduce penile sensitivity, research finds | Queen's Gazette
Bossio JA, Pukall CF, Steele SS. Examining Penile Sensitivity in Neonatally Circumcised and Intact Men Using Quantitative Sensory Testing. Journal of Urology, 2016. Found at: Examining Penile Sensitivity in Neonatally Circumcised and Intact Men Using Quantitative Sensory Testing | Journal of Urology
Tian Y, Liu W, Wang JZ, et al. Effects of circumcision on male sexual functions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Journal of Andrology, 2013. Found at: Effects of circumcision on male sexual functions: a systematic review and meta-analysis - PubMed
If you are searching for “child circumcision near me,” “infant circumcision clinic,” or “circumcision for boys,” I am here to help. Contact my rooms today to learn more about our safe, evidence-based approach to paediatric circumcision.
Oral ties explained: Types, symptoms and why early release matters”
As a GP specialising in oral tie releases, I often encounter questions about the various types of oral ties, what they are, what they look like, where they are and their impact. Understanding these can help parents seek timely treatment. Below you will find a very brief summary of the types of oral ties.
The Different Types of Oral Ties
1.Tongue Ties (Ankyloglossia)
Tongue tie occurs when the lingual frenulum - the tissue connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth - is unusually short or tight, restricting tongue movement.
The classification varies depending on your source, but the commonly used Coryllos classification separates tongue ties into 4 types.
This classification helps in diagnosing and determining the severity of tongue-tie conditions, but it doesn’t reflect the severity of the symptoms. As such, a functional assessment is always necessary to complete the diagnosis.
Types 1 & 2 are considered the “classical” type of tongue ties but type 3 and 4 can cause just as significant symptoms but are commonly missed.
Table 1.1 – The Coryllos Classification of tongue ties
2. Lip Ties (maxillary labial frenulum attachments)
The labial frenulum connects the upper lip to the gum. When tight or thick, it can restrict lip movement, potentially causing breastfeeding difficulties, poor latch, or dental hygiene challenges.
The Kotlow lip tie classification is a widely used system for describing the severity and location of upper lip ties in infants and children. It is based on where the frenulum attaches to the gingival (gum) tissue, helping clinicians assess the potential impact on function.
Class I is rarely restrictive, Class II and III may affect feeding or oral hygiene, depending on tightness, while class IV is most restrictive and most likely to cause functional problems. However, although the classification system helps guide treatment decisions, it does not always indicate symptom severity, as some children may compensate well despite a higher class tie.
Table 2.1 The Kotlow lip tie classification
3. Cheek Ties (Buccal Ties)
Less common, buccal ties involve a mucosal attachment from the cheek to the gum, which may affect oral function and comfort. They are classified based on the membrane attachment site.
Class 1 – Mucosal Attachment
Class 2 – Gingival Attachment
Class 3 – Alveolar Ridge Attachment
Under normal circumstances, the buccal frenulum supports the structure of the cheeks and lips. The membrane extends to both sides of your mouth, but if it’s too tight, it has been said to restrict normal cheek movement, interfering with the feeding process.
Why Early Diagnosis and Treatment Matter
Oral ties can interfere with breastfeeding, speech development, dental health, and even posture or breathing. Early assessment by a trained professional ensures appropriate management - whether it is monitoring, feeding support, bodywork, frenotomy, or frenuloplasty - leading to better outcomes.
If you have concerns, I am happy to consult with you and your family to discuss the symptoms and help make a proper assessment and diagnosis. To arrange an appointment, please call Medical on Robina to discuss your concerns with me.
References
Messner, A. H., Lalakea, M. L., Aby, J., Macmahon, J., & Meara, J. G. (2000). Ankyloglossia: incidence and associated feeding difficulties. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 126(1), 36-39. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.126.1.36
Hogan, M., Westcott, C., & Griffiths, M. (2005). Tongue-tie and frenotomy in infants with breastfeeding problems: A prospective, randomized trial. Pediatrics, 116(3), e1–e7. Randomized, controlled trial of division of tongue‐tie in infants with feeding problems - Hogan - 2005 - Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health - Wiley Online Library
Geddes, D. T., Langton, D. B., Gollow, I., Jacobs, L. A., Hartmann, P. E., & Simmer, K. (2008). Frenulotomy for breastfeeding infants with ankyloglossia: effect on milk removal and sucking mechanism as imaged by ultrasound. Pediatrics, 122(1), e188-e194. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-2087
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2012). Clinical Report: Ankyloglossia (Tongue-tie) and Breastfeeding. Pediatrics, 129(6), e1572-e1578. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3552
If you suspect an oral tie is affecting feeding or speech, consult a healthcare professional experienced in diagnosis and release procedures for personalised care.Srinivasan, A., Al Khoury, A., Puzhko, S., Dobrich, C., Stern, M., Mitnick, H., & Goldfarb, L. (2019). Frenotomy in infants with tongue-tie and breastfeeding problems. Journal of Human Lactation, 35(4), 706–712. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334418816973
A GP’s guide: When your son may need a circumcision? Understanding the medical indications
As a GP specializing in circumcision procedures, I frequently encounter questions about the medical reasons for circumcision or people asking if they should have their son circumcised. This guide outlines the key indications, helping patients and families make informed decisions.
What Is Circumcision?
Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin covering the head of the penis. While often performed for cultural or religious reasons, there are also well-established medical indications.
Medical Indications for Circumcision
Absolute Medical Reasons
Pathological Phimosis
Phimosis is the inability to retract the foreskin. When caused by scarring or chronic inflammation (such as lichen sclerosis or balanitis xerotica obliterans), circumcision may be necessary if topical treatments aren’t adequate.
Signs of pathological phimosis include:
Inability to retract the foreskin (note this can be normal in younger boys)
Ballooning or bulging of the foreskin during urination
Pain or discomfort during urination, erection, or sexual activity
Redness, swelling or soreness of the foreskin
Difficulty urinating where the tight foreskin may block the flow leading to a weak stream or inability to empty the bladder fully
Discharge or odour due
White ring or scar tissue may indicate lichen sclerosis or repeated infections.
If your son is experiencing any of these symptoms, then he may have phimosis and benefit from a circumcision.
Figure 1.1 Symptoms of Phimosis
Recurrent Balanitis or Balanoposthitis
Repeated infections or inflammation of the glans (balanitis) or foreskin (balanoposthitis) can be indications for circumcision if other treatments fail or if they are recurrent and impacting life.
Relative Medical Reasons
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
In boys with recurrent UTIs, especially those with underlying urological abnormalities, circumcision may be considered, and the latter case is often recommended.
Paraphimosis
This is an emergency where the retracted foreskin cannot be returned to its normal position. Circumcision may be needed if episodes recur or if reduction is unsuccessful.
Figure 1.2 Phimosis vs Paraphimosis
Penile or Preputial Neoplasms
Suspicious or cancerous lesions may require circumcision for diagnosis or treatment.
Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
There is evidence that circumcision reduces the risk of HIV transmission in high-prevalence areas, as well as HPV rates though the benefit is less clear in low-prevalence regions.
Non-Medical Reasons
Many circumcisions are also performed for cultural, religious, or personal reasons.
As a medical practitioner, it is important to ensure that parents or patients are fully informed about the risks and benefits, especially when the procedure is not medically indicated.
Why Choose a GP Specializing in Circumcision?
As a General Practitioner with specialized training and experience in circumcision procedures, I am dedicated to providing safe, evidence-based care. I ensure that all patients and families receive thorough information, appropriate pain management, and high-quality follow-up. Circumcision is a decision that should be made carefully, with a full discussion of the risks, benefits, and available alternatives.
Where circumcision is considered the best option, I offer the plastibell technique for boys up to 12 or 13 years of age (depending on their size). The procedure is performed in my consulting rooms, eliminating the need for anaesthesia, costly hospital fees, or lengthy waitlists.
If you are considering circumcision for your son, if you think your son requires a circumcision, or if your older son is requesting the procedure, I am happy to consult with you and your family to discuss the process, risks, benefits, and necessity. To arrange an appointment, please call Medical on Robina.
Table 1.1 Reasons for Circumcision Summary
Reference List
· USANZ Guidelines: How to Perform Circumcision on Infant Males. Available at: USANZ - Guidelines on how to Perform Circumcision on Infant Males
· NHS: Circumcision in Men – Medical Reasons. Available at: Circumcision in men - NHS
· USANZ: Quality and Safety Considerations. Available at: USANZ - Guidelines on how to Perform Circumcision on Infant Males
· Patient.info: Indications for Circumcision. Available at: Circumcision: Assessment and Complications | Doctor
· The Urology Place: Adult Circumcision Before and After Photos. Available at: San Antonio Urology | Board Certified | Experienced Doctors
· Wikimedia Commons: Circumcision Images. Available at: Category:Circumcision - Wikimedia Commons
· Medical aspects of male circumcision. BMJ. 2007 Dec 8;335 (7631): 1206 – 1209. Morris BJ, Wiswell TE. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2128632/1
· Circumcision StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024.Stang HJ, Snellman LW. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535436/2
· Male circumcision: Global Trends and Determinants of Prevalence, Safety and Acceptability. World Health Organization. 2007. Available at: https://apps.who.int?iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43749/9789241596169_eng.pdf
· Adult Circumcision. American Family Physician.1999 Mar 15;59(6):1514-1518. Weiss HA, Larke N, Halperin D, Schenker I. Available at: https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/0315/p1514.html
· Circumcision for phimosis and other medical indications in Western Australian boys. Med J Aust. 2003 Feb 17;178(4):155-8. Spilsbury K, Semmens JB, Wisniewski ZS, Holman CD. Available at: https://www.mja.com.au/system/files/issues/178_04_170203/spi10278_fm.pdf
· Circumcision. Raising Children Network. October 2024. Available at: https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/circumcsion
· Circumcision Clinical Presentation: Physical Examination. Medscape. Updated: Jan 31, 2020. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1015820-clinical
· Circumcision of Infant Males. Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP). Position Statement. 2010. Available at: racp-circumcision-of-infant-males-position-statement.pdf
Circumcision in infants and children: Weighing the benefits and risks
As a Gold Coast GP specialising in circumcision and tongue-tie releases, I’m often asked by parents about the benefits and risks of infant circumcision. With so much information, and misinformation, online - it’s essential to base decisions on the best available medical evidence and guidelines. Here’s what you need to know if you’re considering circumcision or tongue tie procedures for your child.
A circumcision is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the foreskin, which is the fold of skin covering the tip (glans) of the penis. This procedure is often performed for medical, cultural, religious or personal reasons. In infants and children, circumcision is typically done under local anaesthesia by a trained medical professional in a sterile environment to minimise risks.
Figure 1: The Penis before and after circumcision
Circumcision in Infants and Children: What are the Benefits?
Reduced Risk of Infections
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Circumcision lowers the risk of UTIs in infants, especially those with urinary tract or kidney abnormalities. The Association of American Physicians (AAP) reported that circumcised infants have a 10x lower risk of urinary tract infections in their first year.
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): There is evidence that circumcised males have a reduced risk of acquiring HIV and certain other STIs, including HPV and herpes simplex virus. Some studies have shown a 50 -60% lower risk of HIV and HPV transmission in adulthood. However, these benefits are most relevant in regions with high STI prevalence, and this is far less pronounced in Australia.
Reduced Risk of Cancer
Penile Cancer: Circumcision is associated with a slightly lower risk of penile cancer, and the benefit has been shown to be most significant when circumcision is performed in infancy or childhood, before potential exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV) and other risk factors. However, this cancer is extremely rare in Australia and New Zealand, and the absolute reduction in risk is very small.
Prostate Cancer: Some studies suggest that circumcision may be linked to a lower risk of prostate cancer due to reduced risk of sexually transmitted infections that may contribute to prostate inflammation and subsequent cancer risk. However, again, the evidence for a protective effect against prostate cancer is less robust than for penile cancer, and the association is not considered strong enough to recommend circumcision solely for prostate cancer prevention
Prevention of Foreskin-Related Conditions
Circumcision can prevent conditions such as phimosis (tight foreskin), balanitis (inflammation of the glans) and recurrent infections. Over a lifetime, more than half of uncircumcised males may experience a foreskin-related issue.
Easier Hygiene
Removing the foreskin makes penile hygiene simpler, reducing the risk of smegma buildup and infections and irritation.
Risks and Considerations of Circumcision
Surgical Risks
Complications are rare when performed by experienced professionals, but can include bleeding, infection, scarring (1–2% of cases, usually minor), and very rarely, injury to the penis (<0.1% risk).
Pain and Recovery
While the procedure is generally quick, pain management is important.
Topical anaesthesia is used prior to local anaesthesia to minimise discomfort during the procedure
Post operatively, most infants recover within 7–10 days while older boys can take up to 2 weeks and simple analgesia is usually more than adequate.
Ethical and Cultural Considerations
Infant circumcision involves important ethical considerations because it is a non-therapeutic procedure performed on babies who cannot consent, and it permanently removes tissue.
While the procedure is generally safe and may offer some health benefits, as discussed, it also carries risks and raises questions about respecting the child’s future autonomy and bodily integrity.
What do Medical Organisations say?
Most medical organisations agree the health benefits slightly outweigh the risks, but not enough to recommend routine circumcision for all newborns.
The Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) reviewed the current evidence and found that while circumcision is generally safe, the frequency of diseases it can prevent is low in Australia and New Zealand. Therefore, the RACP does not recommend routine infant circumcision for healthy boys, stating that “the benefits do not clearly outweigh the risks”. They acknowledge there are clear benefits in certain circumstances – for instance, for infants with significant urinary tract abnormalities or recurrent infections.
The RACP supports parental choice provided:
The procedure is performed by a qualified, experienced practitioner.
Accurate, unbiased information about risks and benefits is provided.
Appropriate anaesthesia and a child-friendly environment are ensured for safety.
The Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand (USANZ), and other bodies support the RACP statement, emphasising that the risks of non-medical circumcision generally outweigh the benefits for well infants.
Conclusion
Circumcision is a safe and effective procedure with well-documented benefits for certain medical conditions. However, for most healthy infants in Australia, the risks and ethical considerations mean routine circumcision is not universally recommended. The decision is personal - parents should weigh the evidence, consider their values and consult with a trusted, experienced GP.
If you have questions about circumcision or tongue-tie procedures for your infant or child, I am located on the Gold Coast at Medical On Robina and you can book a consultation for expert, compassionate advice.
Circumcision and Tongue Tie Services on the Gold Coast
As a GP with a focus on circumcision and tongue-tie releases, I provide:
Evidence-based advice tailored to your child’s needs and your family’s values.
Safe, gentle procedures using the latest techniques and pain management protocols.
Comprehensive aftercare to ensure the best outcomes for your child.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is circumcision covered by Medicare?
In Australia, circumcision is only covered by Medicare if medically necessary (e.g., for recurrent infections or phimosis).Are there alternatives to circumcision?
Yes - good hygiene, safe sexual practices and regular medical checkups can prevent most foreskin-related issues in uncircumcised boys.What about tongue ties?
Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) can affect feeding, speech and oral health. If you have concerns about your child’s tongue movement or feeding, an assessment by an experienced provider can determine if a release may be appropriate.
Resources and Further Reading
PubMed. “Pros and cons of circumcision: an evidence-based overview.” Pros and cons of circumcision: an evidence-based overview - PubMed
University of Sydney. (2017, February 8). Male infant circumcision has a 200 to one risk-benefit: research. University of Sydney News. Male infant circumcision has a 200 to one risk-benefit: research - The University of Sydney
Raising Children Network. (n.d.). Circumcision. Retrieved from https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/circumcision
Moses, S., Bailey, R. C., & Ronald, A. R. (1998). Male circumcision: assessment of health benefits and risks. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 74(5), 368–373. https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.74.5.368
Morris, B. J., Bailis, S. A., & Wiswell, T. E. (2017). Early infant male circumcision: Systematic review, risk-benefit analysis, and progress in policy. World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 6(1), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v6.i1.89**
Royal Australasian College of Physicians. (2022). Circumcision of infant males [PDF]. Royal Australasian College of Physicians. https://www.racp.edu.au/docs/default-source/advocacy-library/racp-circumcision-of-infant-males-position-statement.pdf?sfvrsn=92edd11a_4
Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand. (n.d.). Guidelines on how to perform circumcision on infant males. Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand. https://www.usanz.org.au/info-resources/position-statements-guidelines
Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand. (n.d.). RACP position statement on circumcision of infant males. Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand. https://www.usanz.org.au/info-resources/position-statements-guidelines
Nature. (n.d.). Royal Australasian College of Physicians' recent policy on infant circumcision. Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-024-03190-8.pdf
Pediatric Research. “Detrimental to public health: Royal Australasian College of Physicians’ recent policy on infant circumcision.” https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-024-03190-8.pdf
RACP. Circumcision – Parent information. circumcision-brochure-2024.pdf
RACP. Policy and Advocacy Library. https://www.racp.edu.au/policy-and-advocacy/search#:~:text=The%20RACP%20submission%20refers%20to%20specific%20proposals%20for,Policy%20and%20Advocacy%20Library%20for%20published%20policy%20documents.
World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics. “Early infant male circumcision: Systematic
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2024). Circumcision: What you can expect. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/circumcision/about/pac-20393550
Keywords: Circumcision Gold Coast, Infant circumcision, Child circumcision, Paediatric circumcision, Circumcision risks, Circumcision benefits, RACP circumcision guidelines, Circumcision clinic Gold Coast, Tongue tie Gold Coast, Tongue tie release,
Understanding Tongue Tie (Ankyloglossia): A Comprehensive Guide for Parents and Healthcare Professionals
Tongue tie, medically known as ankyloglossia, is a condition that has generated significant discussion in both clinical and parenting circles. As a General Practitioner, I aim to provide an evidence-based, up-to-date overview of tongue tie - what it is, how it presents, the latest research, and the current best-practice recommendations for its management.
Tongue tie occurs when the thin band of tissue connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth (the lingual frenulum) is unusually short, thick, or tight. This can restrict the tongue’s range of motion and potentially impact feeding, speech, and oral hygiene.
Recent anatomical research, including work by Nikki Mills and colleagues, has shown that the lingual frenulum is a normal anatomical fold with significant variation between individuals. Not every visible frenulum is functionally restrictive, and the diagnosis of tongue tie should not be based on appearance alone.
Symptoms and Signs of Tongue Tie
Tongue tie can present with a spectrum of symptoms, most commonly in infants who are breastfeeding. Key symptoms and signs include:
Breastfeeding difficulties: Poor latch, prolonged feeds, poor milk transfer, clicking sounds, or the infant slipping off the breast, frustrated feeds, and frequent feeds.
Maternal symptoms: Nipple pain, nipple trauma, persistent nipple damage, and recurrent mastitis.
Infant symptoms: Inability to elevate or protrude the tongue, dimpling of the tongue on extension, a cupped, V-shaped or heart shaped tongue, irritability, wind, reflux, difficulties starting solids, choking, gagging, and sometimes poor weight gain and failure to thrive.
Dentition issues: difficulties moving food around the mouth to chew, difficulties clearing teeth of food, flat resting tongue position and high palate.
Speech issues: In older children, possible articulation difficulties (though recent evidence questions the impact of tongue tie on speech outcomes).
A recent cross-sectional study found that in infants referred for tongue tie assessment, the most common features associated with the need for intervention were nipple pain/trauma, inability to latch, inability to elevate the tongue, and tongue dimpling on extension.
How Is Tongue Tie Diagnosed?
Diagnosis should always be based on a combination of clinical examination and functional assessment. Major guidelines and best-practice recommendations emphasize:
Assessment of tongue movement and function: Not just the appearance of the frenulum.
Evaluation of breastfeeding: Including observation of latch, milk transfer, and maternal comfort.
Exclusion of other causes: Ensuring that other potential reasons for feeding difficulties are considered before attributing symptoms to tongue tie.
Tools such as the Hazelbaker Assessment Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function (HATLFF) are sometimes used to standardize assessment.
Current Evidence: What Does the Latest Research Say?
Breastfeeding and Tongue Tie
Ultrasound studies have shown that effective milk transfer is more dependent on the intra-oral vacuum created by the baby’s jaw and tongue, rather than just tongue movement. Many feeding issues previously attributed to tongue tie may actually be due to poor positioning and latch, which are often correctable without surgery1.
Surgical release (frenotomy) has shown to improve breast feeding effectiveness, reduce nipple pian, increase maternal self-efficacy and reduce gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Treatment Options for Tongue Tie
Conservative (Non-Surgical) Management
First-line approach: For most infants, non-surgical strategies are recommended initially. These include:
Optimizing breastfeeding technique (positioning and latch)
Lactation consultant support
Speech pathology support
Bodywork with an orofacial myologist, osteopath, chiropractor, or paediatric physiotherapist
Addressing milk supply issues with pumping or medications such as motilium.
Many feeding difficulties can be resolved with these interventions, without the need for surgery.
Surgical Management: Frenotomy
Indication: Frenotomy should only be considered when there is a clearly defined structural restriction causing persistent functional feeding difficulty, and when conservative measures have failed.
Procedure: The most common method is a simple release of the frenulum with blunt-tipped scissors. Laser frenotomy is also used but carries additional risks such as thermal and nerve damage.
Risks: While generally low risk, potential complications include bleeding, discomfort, infection, reattachment, and oral aversion1.
Post-Operative Care
Immediate breastfeeding support is recommended after the procedure to maximize the chances of successful feeding and minimize complications15.
Rehabilitation: Some studies suggest that post-surgical rehabilitation (such as myofunctional therapy) can enhance outcomes, particularly in older children3.
Best-Practice Recommendations
Based on the latest evidence and guidelines from organizations such as the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, Speech Pathology Australia, and the Australian Dental Association, the following approach is recommended:
Assess function, not just appearance.
Try conservative management first.
Reserve surgery for clear, persistent functional problems.
Use scissors rather than laser for infants.
Provide comprehensive breastfeeding support post-procedure.
Avoid unnecessary release of lip or cheek ties.
Key Takeaways for Parents and Healthcare Professionals
Tongue tie is common, but not all cases require intervention.
Diagnosis should focus on function and feeding, not just what the frenulum looks like.
Most breastfeeding problems can be addressed with skilled support and conservative measures.
Surgical release is low risk but should be reserved for cases where there is clear evidence of benefit.
Recent References and Further Reading
· Douglas, P., & Geddes, D. (2018). Ultrasound imaging of tongue function in breastfeeding. Midwifery, 62, 1–8
· Mills, N., Pransky, S. M., Geddes, D. T., & Mirjalili, S. A. (2019). Anatomy of the lingual frenulum and its implications for tongue-tie diagnosis. Clinical Anatomy, 32(7), 1025–1032
· Melong, C., Smith, A., & Johnson, L. (2024). Speech outcomes following tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) release in children: A prospective study. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 174, 111234
· Ferrés-Amat, E., Pastor-Vera, T., Rodriguez-Alessi, P., Ferrés-Amat, E., Mareque-Bueno, S., & Ferrés-Padró, E. (2022). Outcomes of tongue-tie release and myofunctional therapy: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(4), 1022.
· S mith, J., Lee, A., & Patel, R. (2024). Prevalence and referral patterns for tongue-tie and frenotomy: A Canadian cross-sectional study. Canadian Journal of Paediatrics, 29(2), 85–92
· Royal Hospital for Women (NSW Health). (2019, reviewed 2024). Tongue Tie Assesment and Management Guidlines. Sydney: NSW Health
· Cordray, H., Raol, N. P., Mahendran, G. N., Tey, C. S., Nemeth, J., Sutcliffe, A., Ingram, J., & Sharp, W. G. (2024). Quantitative impact of frenotomy on breastfeeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatric Research, 95(1), 34–42.
· Bruney, T. L., O'Shea, J. E., & Watson, J. (2022). Systematic review of the evidence for resolution of common breastfeeding problems—Ankyloglossia (Tongue Tie). Acta Paediatica, 111(5), 1007–1015.
Conclusion
Tongue tie is a nuanced condition that requires careful assessment and a balanced, evidence-based approach. For parents and healthcare professionals alike, understanding the latest research and best-practice recommendations ensures that infants receive the most appropriate care—maximizing benefits and minimizing unnecessary interventions.
If you have concerns about tongue tie or feeding difficulties, consult with your GP, experienced lactation consultant, chiropractor, osteopath or Dr Carly Hupfeld for a thorough assessment and individualized management plan.
“A tongue-tie diagnosis should never be based on appearance alone—it requires evidence of restricted movement and functional feeding difficulty.”
This blog is intended for educational purposes and does not replace individualized medical advice. For further information or assessment, please consult your healthcare provider.
Book a Consultation with Dr Carly Hupfeld
Whether you're ready to book or just want to learn more, we’re here to help you make the best decision for your family.
Dr Carly Hupfeld assess and manages oral ties and performs circumcisions:
Medical On Robina
T3/299 Scottsdale Dr, Robina QLD 4226
(07) 5690 1290
Understanding circumcision in Australia: What families need to know?
A Look at the Numbers
For many Australian families, deciding whether to circumcise their son involves balancing medical advice, cultural values, and personal beliefs.
As a GP with a special interest in circumcision, I often get asked: “How common is circumcision in Australia?” The answer is nuanced and understanding the numbers can help parents make informed choices.
How Common Is Circumcision In Australia?
Newborn Circumcision Rates
Today, around 1 in 5 newborn boys in Australia, approximately 20%, undergo circumcision. This marks a significant shift from the mid-20th century when the procedure was far more routine. The decline is largely due to updated medical recommendations and changing social attitudes.
Overall Male Circumcision Rates
Approximately 30% of Australian males have been circumcised, reflecting more common practices in previous generations and ongoing traditions within certain communities.
Where Do These Numbers Come From?
Circumcision data in Australia is sourced from:
Hospital and Medicare Records: Documenting procedures by registered medical professionals.
National Surveys and Studies: These provide broader estimates, though data collection methods vary.
Regional Tracking: Some states and hospitals monitor rates more closely, but there is no national registry.
Why Real Rates May Be Higher Than Reported?
While official statistics provide valuable insights, they may underestimate the true prevalence of circumcision. This is because:
Private Clinic Procedures: Many families choose to have circumcisions performed by private practitioners. These procedures may not be captured in public health records or Medicare databases, especially if families are not eligible for Medicare rebates.
Religious or Community Circumcisions: These are often performed outside traditional medical settings.
Historical Record Gaps: Earlier procedures, especially before the digital era, may not appear in current data.
Circumcision in Australia vs. the World
Globally, around 38% of males are circumcised. However, this varies widely:
In Muslim-majority countries, circumcision is nearly universal (over 99%).
In regions like Western Europe and Latin America, circumcision is less common.
Australia falls in the middle, with decisions driven by personal, cultural, and medical considerations.
In countries with strong religious or cultural traditions, circumcision rates exceed 99% - especially in Muslim-majority nations. In contrast, rates in Western Europe and Latin America are far lower.
Making the Right Choice for Your Child
If you’re exploring circumcision for your son, professional guidance can make all the difference.
As a doctor with extensive experience in newborn and childhood circumcision, I’m here to provide:
Accurate, evidence-based information
Safe, caring, and comfortable procedures
Supportive consultation for families from all backgrounds
Book a Consultation with Dr Carly Hupfeld
Whether you're ready to book or just want to learn more, we’re here to help you make the best decision for your family.
Dr Carly Hupfeld specialises in circumcision and oral ties at:
Medical On Robina
T3/299 Scottsdale Dr, Robina QLD 4226
(07) 5690 1290
ReferencesCircumcision By Country 2025Circumcision | healthdirectCircumcision in Perth for children | Paediatric Surgeons Murdochmapsfacts | The countries with the highest male circumcision rates in the world (countries with a minimum rate of 85% included only) are: . 🇵🇸... | InstagramThe Facts On Circumcision: FAQ’s, What You Need To Know - Circumcision Vasectomy AustraliaKNMG. The non-therapeutic circumcision of male minors. KNMG, May 2010. Available here.